Effect of selected physical exercises on low back pain

Background: Men and women are equally affected by low back pain (LBP), which can range in intensity from a dull, constant ache to a sudden, sharp sensation that hinders the person. Pain can begin abruptly due to an accident or by lifting something heavy, or it can develop over time due to age-related changes in the spine. LBP is one of the primary healthcare problems in all developing countries; nurses play a vital role in giving different interventions to treat back pain effectively. This study aims to study the effect of selected physical exercise on LBP among patients attending the outpatient department (OPD) in selected hospitals. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental, one-group pretest–posttest time series research design was used to conduct a study among the patients attending OPD in selected hospitals. A total of 160 respondents were studied from October 2021 to February 2022. A numerical pain scale and a semistructured self-administered questionnaire were used to collect data. Only respondents who gave informed consent were issued the questionnaire to complete at their convenience. Physical exercises were demonstrated and done by patients for 6 weeks, thrice a day in a week for 30 min regularly. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. Descriptive data were presented in the form of bar graphs and frequency tables. Results: The study showed that 59.37% of the respondents had severe LBP in the pretest. After doing selected physical exercises, the severe pain level reduced to 56.25% in post-test-1, 32.5% in post-test-2, and 14.37% in post-test-3. The t value of the difference in mean reduction of LBP was tabulated, and the calculated t values were (0.78, 5.60, 9.64) statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: LBP is seen as an issue for all ages and all sectors of society. One common component of pain treatment programs focuses on increased physical exercise reconditioning, and exercise would increase strength and concomitantly decrease pain as a long-term effect. The investigator found that physical activities were very effective and beneficial in reducing back pain among patients with LBP.

Pneumopericardium, pneumomediastinum and surgical emphysema in spontaneous pneumothorax

Spontaneous pneumothorax leading to pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium and surgical emphysema is a benign condition. Progression to the development of epidural pneumatosis is rare. We report a 19-year-old man who presented with dyspnoea and swelling of the chest wall following a bout of cough. Bilateral subcutaneous emphysema was palpated on the anterior chest wall from the sternum to the midaxillary regions. His chest X-ray revealed subcutaneous emphysema and pneumopericardium. His computed tomography of the thorax to rule out life-threatening conditions revealed bilateral subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, pneumo-pericardium and pneumothorax. He was transferred to the intensive care unit. An intercostal drainage tube was inserted in the left pleural cavity. The patient was followed up with repeat chest X-rays. The patient’s symptom got relieved and was discharged after day 9. Diagnosis of pneumomedia-stinum may not be as lamentable as it is seen. Close cardio-pulmonary monitoring is mandatory for complications and accompanying conditions. Most patients with uncomplicated spontaneous pneumomediastinum respond well to oxygen and conservative management. In this case, the patient’s symptoms and severe tachypnoea prompted the insertion of an intercostal drainage tube.

Assessment of incidence rate and prognosis of metabolic syndrome among acute myocardial infarction: a longitudinal study

Background: The Metabolic Syndrome (METS) is a specific clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in the same person (abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated Blood Pressure (BP), Insulin Resistance (IR), and a proinflammatory state. A recent review of insulin resistance syndrome revealed a rapid escalation of this syndrome among Indians and the prevalence of predominant component of METS varies from region to region. Hence the present study was undertaken to assess the incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and prognosis of metabolic syndrome among acute myocardial infarction patients.Methods: A longitudinal study was carried among Acute myocardial infarction patients, who were admitted to ICCU of Shri. B. M. Patil Hospital and Research Centre, Bijapur during November 2009 to March 2011. Sample size was calculated using the formula: n=4pq/L2. Sample size required was 92. Descriptive statistics and Inferential statistics were used to analyse the results.Results: The incidence rate of METS among AMI in our study was 48.7%. The complications were more common in METS group compared to those without METS groups. Recovery was better among those without METS group. There was a statistically significant association between complications and status of METS. The past history of DM was more common in METS. Hyperglycemia among the components of METS has strongest association with the outcome of death in patients of AMI.Conclusions: The metabolic syndrome is a highly prevalent condition among the patients with acute myocardial infarction and has detrimental impact on outcome Metabolic syndrome is also associated with a higher risk of severe heart failure and death.

Various methods available for detection of apoptotic cells- A review.

Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death occurring in multicellular organisms in whom development, maintenance and sculpturing organs and tissues. Taken together, apoptotic processes are of widespread biological significance; being involved in e.g. development, differentiation, proliferation/homoeostasis, regulation and function of the immune system and in the removal of defected harmful cells. Dys regulation of apoptosis can play a primary or secondary role leading to cancer whereas excessive apoptosis contributes to neuro degeneration, autoimmunity, AIDS, and ischemia. Gaining insight into the techniques for detecting apoptotic cells will allow the development of more effective, higher specific and therefore better-tolerable therapeutic approaches. The goal of this review article is to provide a general overview of current knowledge, on the various technical approaches for detecting apoptotic cells.

Personality Profile Of Sero-Positive And Seronegative Pregnant Women Using Rorschach Test.

Introduction: Personality of sero-positive and sero-negative pregnant mothers was defined after considering factors like Total productivity, locations, determinants and contents. Seropositive personality shows low productivity, increased reaction time, rejection of more plates, lower number of human responses, higher number of animal responses, colour shock, high F+%, shading and narrow content categories on Rorschach ink-blot test. This suggests depressive tendencies. Method: Rorschach test was administered to sero-positive pregnant women (n=50) and sero-negative pregnant women (n=50) in this study. Result : Sero-negative personality also shows less productivity, increased reaction time and response, less whole response, more detailed responses which suggest anxiety and some sero-negative mothers showing depression. Rejection of plates was less as compared to sero-positive pregnant mothers, the human responses are less, high F+%, shading responses are not seen, and colour shock is absent, popular responses are expectedly more.

Carcinoma en cuirasse : A rare presentation of breast cancer.

Carcinoma en cuirasse is a form of cutaneous metastasis. Although this condition is rare, it is most commonly associated with breast carcinoma with local recurrence after mastectomy. Cutaneous metastasis presents most commonly a few months or years after the primary has been diagnosed. Less frequently a metastasis is diagnosed at the same time as the primary tumor or presents as the first manifestation of the disease. We report a case of carcinoma en cuirasse in a 50-year-old female who presented with elevated, finely nodular, indurated skin lesions on left anterior chest wall, axillary region and keloid - like patch on left upper arm. On further examination a breast mass was detected. Fine needle aspiration of all the lesions was performed. Cytodiagnosis was given as infiltrating duct carcinoma of breast with metastatic carcinoma involving left anterior chest wall, axilla and left upper arm. We should not disregard keloid-like or indurated patches on skin which should be investigated thoroughly.